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postcss-loader

면책 사항: postcss-loader 은/는 커뮤니티 구성원에 의해 유지되는 서드파티 패키지로 webpack과 동일한 지원, 보안 정책 또는 라이선스가 없을 수 있으며 webpack에 의해 관리 및 유지되지 않습니다.

Webpack discussion:

PostCSS chat:

Loader to process CSS with PostCSS.

Getting Started

You need webpack v5 to use the latest version. For Webpack v4, you have to install postcss-loader v4.

To begin, you'll need to install postcss-loader and postcss:

npm install --save-dev postcss-loader postcss

yarn add -D postcss-loader postcss

pnpm add -D postcss-loader postcss

Then add the plugin to your webpack config. For example:

In the following configuration the plugin postcss-preset-env is used, which is not installed by default.

file.js

import css from "file.css";

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          "css-loader",
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              postcssOptions: {
                plugins: [
                  [
                    "postcss-preset-env",
                    {
                      // Options
                    },
                  ],
                ],
              },
            },
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

Alternative use with config files:

postcss.config.js

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    [
      "postcss-preset-env",
      {
        // Options
      },
    ],
  ],
};

The loader automatically searches for configuration files.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: ["style-loader", "css-loader", "postcss-loader"],
      },
    ],
  },
};

And run webpack via your preferred method.

`execute`

Type:

type execute = boolean;

Default: undefined

Enable PostCSS Parser support in CSS-in-JS. If you use JS styles the postcss-js parser, add the execute option.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.style.js$/,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
          },
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              postcssOptions: {
                parser: "postcss-js",
              },
              execute: true,
            },
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

`postcssOptions`

See the file https://github.com/webpack-contrib/postcss-loader/blob/master/src/config.d.ts.

Type:

import type { Config as PostCSSConfig } from "postcss-load-config";
import type { LoaderContext } from "webpack";

type PostCSSLoaderContext = LoaderContext<PostCSSConfig>;

interface PostCSSLoaderAPI {
  mode: PostCSSLoaderContext["mode"];
  file: PostCSSLoaderContext["resourcePath"];
  webpackLoaderContext: PostCSSLoaderContext;
  env: PostCSSLoaderContext["mode"];
  options: PostCSSConfig;
}

export type PostCSSLoaderOptions =
  | PostCSSConfig
  | ((api: PostCSSLoaderAPI) => PostCSSConfig);

Default: undefined

Allows to set PostCSS options and plugins.

All PostCSS options are supported. There is the special config option for config files. How it works and how it can be configured is described below.

We recommend do not specify from, to and map options, because this can lead to wrong path in source maps. If you need source maps please use the sourcemap option.

For large projects, to optimize performance of the loader, it is better to provide postcssOptions in loader config and specify config: false. This approach removes the need to lookup and load external config files multiple times during compilation.

`object`

Setup plugins:

webpack.config.js (recommended)

const myOtherPostcssPlugin = require("postcss-my-plugin");

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.sss$/i,
        loader: "postcss-loader",
        options: {
          postcssOptions: {
            plugins: [
              "postcss-import",
              ["postcss-short", { prefix: "x" }],
              require.resolve("my-postcss-plugin"),
              myOtherPostcssPlugin({ myOption: true }),
              // Deprecated and will be removed in the next major release
              { "postcss-nested": { preserveEmpty: true } },
            ],
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};

webpack.config.js (deprecated, will be removed in the next major release)

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.sss$/i,
        loader: "postcss-loader",
        options: {
          postcssOptions: {
            plugins: {
              "postcss-import": {},
              "postcss-short": { prefix: "x" },
            },
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};

Setup syntax:

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.sss$/i,
        loader: "postcss-loader",
        options: {
          postcssOptions: {
            // Can be `string`
            syntax: "sugarss",
            // Can be `object`
            syntax: require("sugarss"),
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};

Setup parser:

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.sss$/i,
        loader: "postcss-loader",
        options: {
          postcssOptions: {
            // Can be `string`
            parser: "sugarss",
            // Can be `object`
            parser: require("sugarss"),
            // Can be `function`
            parser: require("sugarss").parse,
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};

Setup stringifier:

webpack.config.js

const Midas = require("midas");
const midas = new Midas();

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.sss$/i,
        loader: "postcss-loader",
        options: {
          postcssOptions: {
            // Can be `string`
            stringifier: "sugarss",
            // Can be `object`
            stringifier: require("sugarss"),
            // Can be `function`
            stringifier: midas.stringifier,
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};

`function`

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.(css|sss)$/i,
        loader: "postcss-loader",
        options: {
          postcssOptions: (loaderContext) => {
            if (/\.sss$/.test(loaderContext.resourcePath)) {
              return {
                parser: "sugarss",
                plugins: [
                  ["postcss-short", { prefix: "x" }],
                  "postcss-preset-env",
                ],
              };
            }

            return {
              plugins: [
                ["postcss-short", { prefix: "x" }],
                "postcss-preset-env",
              ],
            };
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};

`config`

Type:

type config = boolean | string;

Default: true

Allows to set options using config files. Options specified in the config file are combined with options passed to the loader, the loader options overwrite options from config.

Config Files

The loader will search up the directory tree for configuration in the following places:

a postcss property in package.json
a .postcssrc file in JSON or YAML format
a .postcssrc.json, .postcssrc.yaml, .postcssrc.yml, .postcssrc.js, or .postcssrc.cjs file
a postcss.config.js or postcss.config.cjs CommonJS module exporting an object (recommended)

Examples of Config Files

Using object notation:

postcss.config.js (recommend)

module.exports = {
  // You can specify any options from https://postcss.org/api/#processoptions here
  // parser: 'sugarss',
  plugins: [
    // Plugins for PostCSS
    ["postcss-short", { prefix: "x" }],
    "postcss-preset-env",
  ],
};

Using function notation:

postcss.config.js (recommend)

module.exports = (api) => {
  // `api.file` - path to the file
  // `api.mode` - `mode` value of webpack, please read https://webpack.js.org/configuration/mode/
  // `api.webpackLoaderContext` - loader context for complex use cases
  // `api.env` - alias `api.mode` for compatibility with `postcss-cli`
  // `api.options` - the `postcssOptions` options

  if (/\.sss$/.test(api.file)) {
    return {
      // You can specify any options from https://postcss.org/api/#processoptions here
      parser: "sugarss",
      plugins: [
        // Plugins for PostCSS
        ["postcss-short", { prefix: "x" }],
        "postcss-preset-env",
      ],
    };
  }

  return {
    // You can specify any options from https://postcss.org/api/#processoptions here
    plugins: [
      // Plugins for PostCSS
      ["postcss-short", { prefix: "x" }],
      "postcss-preset-env",
    ],
  };
};

postcss.config.js (deprecated, will be removed in the next major release)

module.exports = {
  // You can specify any options from https://postcss.org/api/#processoptions here
  // parser: 'sugarss',
  plugins: {
    // Plugins for PostCSS
    "postcss-short": { prefix: "x" },
    "postcss-preset-env": {},
  },
};

Config Cascade

You can use different postcss.config.js files in different directories. Config lookup starts from path.dirname(file) and walks the file tree upwards until a config file is found.

|– components
| |– component
| | |– index.js
| | |– index.png
| | |– style.css (1)
| | |– postcss.config.js (1)
| |– component
| | |– index.js
| | |– image.png
| | |– style.css (2)
|
|– postcss.config.js (1 && 2 (recommended))
|– webpack.config.js
|
|– package.json

After setting up your postcss.config.js, add postcss-loader to your webpack.config.js. You can use it standalone or in conjunction with css-loader (recommended).

Use it before css-loader and style-loader, but after other preprocessor loaders like e.g sass|less|stylus-loader, if you use any (since webpack loaders evaluate right to left/bottom to top).

webpack.config.js (recommended)

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: {
              importLoaders: 1,
            },
          },
          "postcss-loader",
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

`boolean`

Enables/Disables autoloading config.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        loader: "postcss-loader",
        options: {
          postcssOptions: {
            config: false,
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};

String

Allows to specify the path to the config file.

webpack.config.js

const path = require("path");

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        loader: "postcss-loader",
        options: {
          postcssOptions: {
            config: path.resolve(__dirname, "custom.config.js"),
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
};

`sourceMap`

Type:

type sourceMap = boolean;

Default: depends on the compiler.devtool value

By default generation of source maps depends on the devtool option. All values enable source map generation except eval and false value.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          { loader: "style-loader" },
          { loader: "css-loader", options: { sourceMap: true } },
          { loader: "postcss-loader", options: { sourceMap: true } },
          { loader: "sass-loader", options: { sourceMap: true } },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

Alternative setup:

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  devtool: "source-map",
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          { loader: "style-loader" },
          { loader: "css-loader" },
          { loader: "postcss-loader" },
          { loader: "sass-loader" },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

`implementation`

Type:

type implementation = object;

type of implementation should be the same as postcss.d.ts

Default: postcss

The special implementation option determines which implementation of PostCSS to use. Overrides the locally installed peerDependency version of postcss.

This option is only really useful for downstream tooling authors to ease the PostCSS 7-to-8 transition.

`function`

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          { loader: "style-loader" },
          { loader: "css-loader" },
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: { implementation: require("postcss") },
          },
          { loader: "sass-loader" },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

String

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          { loader: "style-loader" },
          { loader: "css-loader" },
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: { implementation: require.resolve("postcss") },
          },
          { loader: "sass-loader" },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

Examples

SugarSS

You'll need to install sugarss:

npm install --save-dev sugarss

Using SugarSS syntax.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.sss$/i,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: { importLoaders: 1 },
          },
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              postcssOptions: {
                parser: "sugarss",
              },
            },
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

Autoprefixer

You'll need to install autoprefixer:

npm install --save-dev autoprefixer

Add vendor prefixes to CSS rules using autoprefixer.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: { importLoaders: 1 },
          },
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              postcssOptions: {
                plugins: [
                  [
                    "autoprefixer",
                    {
                      // Options
                    },
                  ],
                ],
              },
            },
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

[!WARNING]

postcss-preset-env includes autoprefixer, so adding it separately is not necessary if you already use the preset. More information

PostCSS Preset Env

You'll need to install postcss-preset-env:

npm install --save-dev postcss-preset-env

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: { importLoaders: 1 },
          },
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              postcssOptions: {
                plugins: [
                  [
                    "postcss-preset-env",
                    {
                      // Options
                    },
                  ],
                ],
              },
            },
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

CSS Modules

What is CSS Modules? Please read.

No additional options required on the postcss-loader side. To make them work properly, either add the css-loader’s importLoaders option.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: {
              modules: true,
              importLoaders: 1,
            },
          },
          "postcss-loader",
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

CSS-in-JS and `postcss-js`

You'll need to install postcss-js:

npm install --save-dev postcss-js

If you want to process styles written in JavaScript, use the postcss-js parser.

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.style.js$/,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: {
              importLoaders: 2,
            },
          },
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              postcssOptions: {
                parser: "postcss-js",
              },
              execute: true,
            },
          },
          "babel-loader",
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

As result you will be able to write styles in the following way

import colors from "./styles/colors";

export default {
  ".menu": {
    color: colors.main,
    height: 25,
    "&_link": {
      color: "white",
    },
  },
};

[!WARNING]

If you are using Babel you need to do the following in order for the setup to work

Add babel-plugin-add-module-exports to your configuration.

You need to have only one default export per style module.

Extract CSS

Using mini-css-extract-plugin.

webpack.config.js

const isProductionMode = process.env.NODE_ENV === "production";

const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin");

module.exports = {
  mode: isProductionMode ? "production" : "development",
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          isProductionMode ? MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader : "style-loader",
          "css-loader",
          "postcss-loader",
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
  plugins: [
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: isProductionMode ? "[name].[contenthash].css" : "[name].css",
    }),
  ],
};

Emit assets

To write a asset from PostCSS plugin to the webpack, need to add a message in result.messages.

The message should contain the following fields:

type = asset - Message type (require, should be equal asset)
file - file name (require)
content - file content (require)
sourceMap - sourceMap
info - asset info

webpack.config.js

const postcssCustomPlugin = (opts = {}) => {
  return {
    postcssPlugin: "postcss-custom-plugin",
    Once: (root, { result }) => {
      result.messages.push({
        type: "asset",
        file: "sprite.svg",
        content: "<svg>...</svg>",
      });
    },
  };
};

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          "css-loader",
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              postcssOptions: {
                plugins: [postcssCustomPlugin()],
              },
            },
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

Add dependencies, contextDependencies, buildDependencies, missingDependencies

The dependencies are necessary for webpack to understand when it needs to run recompilation on the changed files.

There are two way to add dependencies:

(Recommended). The plugin may emit messages in result.messages.

The message should contain the following fields:

type = dependency - Message type (require, should be equal dependency, context-dependency, build-dependency or missing-dependency)
file - absolute file path (require)

webpack.config.js

const path = require("path");

const postcssCustomPlugin = (opts = {}) => {
  return {
    postcssPlugin: "postcss-custom-plugin",
    Once: (root, { result }) => {
      result.messages.push({
        type: "dependency",
        file: path.resolve(__dirname, "path", "to", "file"),
      });
    },
  };
};

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          "css-loader",
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              postcssOptions: {
                plugins: [postcssCustomPlugin()],
              },
            },
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

Or you can use ready-made plugin postcss-add-dependencies.

Pass loaderContext in plugin.

webpack.config.js

const path = require("path");

module.exports = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          "style-loader",
          "css-loader",
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              postcssOptions: {
                config: path.resolve(__dirname, "path/to/postcss.config.js"),
              },
            },
          },
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
};

postcss.config.js

module.exports = (api) => ({
  plugins: [
    require("path/to/postcssCustomPlugin.js")({
      loaderContext: api.webpackLoaderContext,
    }),
  ],
});

postcssCustomPlugin.js

const path = require("path");

const postcssCustomPlugin = (opts = {}) => {
  return {
    postcssPlugin: "postcss-custom-plugin",
    Once: (root, { result }) => {
      opts.loaderContext.addDependency(
        path.resolve(__dirname, "path", "to", "file"),
      );
    },
  };
};

postcssCustomPlugin.postcss = true;
module.exports = postcssCustomPlugin;

Contributing

Please take a moment to read our contributing guidelines if you haven't yet done so.

CONTRIBUTING

License

MIT

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« Previous

less-loader

sass-loader

postcss-loader

Getting Started

Options

execute

postcssOptions

object

function

config

Config Files

Examples of Config Files

Config Cascade

boolean

String

sourceMap

implementation

function

String

Examples

SugarSS

Autoprefixer

PostCSS Preset Env

CSS Modules

CSS-in-JS and postcss-js

Extract CSS

Emit assets

Add dependencies, contextDependencies, buildDependencies, missingDependencies

Contributing

License

`execute`

`postcssOptions`

`object`

`function`

`config`

`boolean`

`sourceMap`

`implementation`

`function`

CSS-in-JS and `postcss-js`